No. Zotero cannot currently import items from bibliographies in text documents. While this may sound like a simple request, it is actually rather difficult to accomplish given the range of potential formats.

If you have these references in a bibliographic database, export them to an intermediate format, such as RIS or BibTeX, and then import the references into Zotero. If the references have ISBNs, DOIs, or PubMed IDs, you can use the Add Item by Identifier function in Zotero to quickly add items.

Alternatively, you can use third party tools to extract bibliographic data from formatted bibliographies:

1. cb2Bib is a tool that will take formatted references copied to the clipboard and attempt to parse the individual bibliography fields into the BibTeX format, which you can then import into Zotero. See the related forum threads for discussion of the difficulty of the problem as well as some success stories with cb2Bib.
2. text2bib Web-based service by the economics department at the University of Toronto similar to cb2bib. Converts references to BibTeX, which Zotero can import. Users report good results.
3. FreeCite is an open-source tool hosted by Brown University that converts formatted bibliographies to an XML representation of ContextObjects. Detected citations can be imported to Zotero by simply clicking the capture icon in the address bar.
4. Simple Text Query, a tool by CrossRef, tries to find the Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) of the journal articles, books or chapters cited in a bibliography. The work flow here would be to paste the bibliography in the text box on this website, check out the resulting DOIs to see if the references have been correctly identified and then import these references from the publisher's websites into Zotero.
5. Wizfolio, an online reference management service. It works similar to cb2Bib and Simple Text Query tool from CrossRef, in that it tries to parse the bibliographic fields and searches for Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs). The workflow would be: Via Wizfolio's Import from Clipboard, it is possible to copy citations from an article, create a categorised reference list (looked up e.g. in Pubmed), export the list and import this list into Zotero. It's not perfect (e.g.: worked for 1/3 of the references on a set of citations without titles). However, it combines multi-citation import with database lookup of the bibliographic fields. The free signup has a limit of 50 citations per month. When using the clipboard function in Wizfolio, the references have to be split by a blank line. See also this related forum thread.
6. AnyStyle is an open-source tool and online bibliography parser; it allows you to train the parser with your bibliography for improved parse results.

Otherwise, your best option is to either manually enter the references or find them online in a repository that Zotero supports.