This project addresses core themes of immigration and poverty in connection with labor markets. Urban anti-poverty policy debates may be framed as finding the optimal investments in people (e.g. transfers, education) vs. places (e.g. spatially target tax credits, neighborhood level services, infrastructure, construction). While the role of immigration and neighborhood change has been studied since the days of the Chicago School of Sociology, the elimination of eligibility for some legal immigrants of transfer programs raises new questions about neighborhood sorting within metropolitan areas. Policy makers are interested in recruiting high skilled and wealthy immigrants to attract investment and create jobs for native-born citizens. More recently, there has been interest in recruiting low or moderate-income immigrants to stabilize high poverty neighborhoods.