<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="sort-only" page-range-format="chicago" default-locale="en-GB">
  <info>
    <title>Manchester University Press monographs (author-date)</title>
    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/manchester-university-press-author-date</id>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/manchester-university-press-author-date" rel="self"/>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/mhra-author-date" rel="template"/>
    <link href="https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/the-peer-review-and-commissioning-process/" rel="documentation"/>
    <!-- see the pdf "house style guide", linked at the bottom of the page -->
    <author>
      <name>Ian Cornelius</name>
      <email>icornelius@luc.edu</email>
    </author>
    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
    <summary>The author-date variant of the Manchester University Press monograph style</summary>
    <updated>2026-01-03T18:50:51+00:00</updated>
    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
  </info>
  <locale xml:lang="en">
    <terms>
      <term name="editor" form="short">
        <single>ed.</single>
        <multiple>eds</multiple>
      </term>
      <term name="edition" form="short">edn</term>
      <term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
      <term name="folio">
        <single>fol.</single>
        <multiple>fols</multiple>
      </term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <macro name="author">
    <group delimiter=". ">
      <names variable="author">
        <name name-as-sort-order="first" and="text" initialize-with=". " sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
        <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
        <substitute>
          <names variable="editor"/>
          <names variable="translator"/>
          <text macro="title-note"/>
        </substitute>
      </names>
      <text macro="recipient"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="recipient">
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <choose>
        <if type="personal_communication">
          <choose>
            <if variable="genre">
              <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </if>
      </choose>
      <text macro="recipient-note"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title-note">
    <choose>
      <if variable="title" match="none">
        <text variable="genre"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="bill book graphic legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
        <text variable="title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
        <group delimiter=" " prefix=", ">
          <text term="version"/>
          <text variable="version"/>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="legal_case interview" match="any">
        <text variable="title"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if variable="reviewed-author">
        <text variable="title" font-style="italic" prefix="review of "/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text variable="title" text-case="capitalize-first" quotes="true"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title-sort-substitute">
    <choose>
      <if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
        <text variable="title" font-style="italic" text-case="title" form="short"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text variable="title" quotes="true" text-case="title" form="short"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="editor-translator">
    <group delimiter=", ">
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <choose>
          <if variable="container-author reviewed-author" match="any">
            <group>
              <names variable="container-author reviewed-author">
                <label form="short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
                <name and="text" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
              </names>
            </group>
          </if>
        </choose>
      </group>
      <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", ">
        <label form="short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
        <name and="text" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
      </names>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="secondary-contributors-note">
    <choose>
      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="none">
        <text macro="editor-translator"/>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container-contributors-note">
    <choose>
      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
        <names variable="editor" prefix="in ">
          <name and="text" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
          <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
        </names>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="collection-title">
    <group delimiter=", ">
      <choose>
        <if type="article-journal">
          <text variable="collection-title"/>
          <text variable="collection-number"/>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="volume">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal">
        <group delimiter=":">
          <text variable="volume"/>
          <text variable="issue"/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else-if type="bill book chapter graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture paper-conference report song" match="any">
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <text macro="edition-note"/>
          <group>
            <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric"/>
            <text term="volume" form="short" prefix=" " plural="true"/>
          </group>
        </group>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="issue-note">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal">
        <choose>
          <if variable="volume">
            <text macro="issued" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text macro="issued" prefix=", "/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
      <else-if variable="publisher-place publisher" match="any">
        <group prefix=" (" suffix=")" delimiter=", ">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <choose>
              <if variable="title" match="none"/>
              <else-if type="thesis speech" match="any">
                <text variable="genre"/>
              </else-if>
            </choose>
            <text macro="event"/>
          </group>
          <text macro="publisher"/>
          <text macro="issued"/>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text macro="issued" prefix=", "/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="locators-specific-note">
    <choose>
      <if type="bill book chapter graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture paper-conference report song" match="any">
        <choose>
          <if is-numeric="volume">
            <number variable="volume" form="roman" font-variant="small-caps"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="volume" font-variant="small-caps"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container-title-note">
    <choose>
      <if type="chapter">
        <choose>
          <if variable="editor translator" match="none">
            <text term="in" suffix=" "/>
          </if>
        </choose>
      </if>
    </choose>
    <text variable="container-title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
  </macro>
  <macro name="edition-note">
    <choose>
      <if type="bill book chapter graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture paper-conference report song" match="any">
        <choose>
          <if is-numeric="edition">
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
              <text term="edition" form="short"/>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="edition"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="recipient-note">
    <names variable="recipient" delimiter=", ">
      <label form="verb" prefix=" " suffix=" "/>
      <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="recipient-short">
    <names variable="recipient">
      <label form="verb" prefix=" " suffix=" "/>
      <name form="short" and="text" delimiter=", "/>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="contributors-short">
    <names variable="author">
      <name form="short" and="text" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", "/>
      <substitute>
        <names variable="editor"/>
        <names variable="translator"/>
        <text macro="title-sort-substitute"/>
      </substitute>
    </names>
    <text macro="recipient-short"/>
  </macro>
  <macro name="locators-newspaper">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-newspaper">
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="edition"/>
            <text term="edition"/>
          </group>
          <group>
            <text term="section" suffix=" "/>
            <text variable="section"/>
          </group>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="event">
    <group>
      <text term="presented at" suffix=" "/>
      <text variable="event"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="publisher">
    <choose>
      <if type="thesis">
        <text variable="publisher"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <group delimiter=": ">
          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
          <text variable="publisher"/>
        </group>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="issued">
    <choose>
      <if type="report article-newspaper article-magazine personal_communication" match="any">
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="day" suffix=" "/>
          <date-part name="month" suffix=" "/>
        </date>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="pages">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal">
        <text variable="page" prefix=", "/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <choose>
          <if variable="volume">
            <text variable="page" prefix=", "/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <label variable="page" form="short" prefix=", " suffix=" "/>
            <text variable="page"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="point-locators">
    <choose>
      <if variable="locator">
        <choose>
          <if locator="page" match="none">
            <choose>
              <if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
                <choose>
                  <if variable="volume">
                    <group>
                      <text term="volume" form="short" suffix=" "/>
                      <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
                      <label variable="locator" form="short" prefix=", " suffix=" "/>
                    </group>
                  </if>
                  <else>
                    <label variable="locator" form="short" suffix=" "/>
                  </else>
                </choose>
              </if>
              <else>
                <label variable="locator" form="short" suffix=" "/>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </if>
          <else-if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
            <number variable="volume" form="numeric" suffix=","/>
          </else-if>
        </choose>
        <text variable="locator"/>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="archive-note">
    <group delimiter=", ">
      <text variable="archive-place"/>
      <text variable="archive"/>
      <text variable="archive_location"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="access-note">
    <group delimiter=", ">
      <choose>
        <if type="article-journal bill chapter legal_case legislation paper-conference" match="none">
          <text macro="archive-note" prefix=", "/>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </group>
    <choose>
      <if variable="DOI">
        <text variable="DOI" prefix=", https://doi.org/"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <choose>
          <if variable="URL">
            <text variable="URL" prefix=", "/>
            <group prefix=" [" suffix="]">
              <text term="accessed"/>
              <date variable="accessed">
                <date-part name="day" prefix=" "/>
                <date-part name="month" prefix=" "/>
                <date-part name="year" prefix=" "/>
              </date>
            </group>
          </if>
        </choose>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="artwork">
    <choose>
      <if type="graphic" match="any">
        <group delimiter=", " prefix=", ">
          <text variable="medium"/>
          <text variable="dimensions"/>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="date">
    <choose>
      <if variable="issued">
        <group delimiter=" " prefix=" (" suffix=")">
          <date variable="original-date" form="text" date-parts="year" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
          <date variable="issued">
            <date-part name="year"/>
          </date>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else-if variable="status">
        <text variable="status" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text term="no date" form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="date-in-text">
    <choose>
      <if variable="issued">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <date variable="original-date" form="text" date-parts="year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
          <date variable="issued">
            <date-part name="year"/>
          </date>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else-if variable="status">
        <text variable="status"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text term="no date" form="short"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <citation et-al-min="4" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" givenname-disambiguation-rule="primary-name" collapse="year" after-collapse-delimiter="; ">
    <layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
      <group delimiter=": ">
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <text macro="contributors-short"/>
          <text macro="date-in-text"/>
        </group>
        <text macro="point-locators"/>
      </group>
    </layout>
  </citation>
  <bibliography hanging-indent="true" et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="6" subsequent-author-substitute="&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;">
    <sort>
      <key macro="author"/>
      <key variable="issued"/>
      <key variable="title"/>
    </sort>
    <layout>
      <text macro="author"/>
      <group delimiter=", ">
        <text macro="date"/>
        <text macro="title-note"/>
        <text macro="secondary-contributors-note"/>
        <text macro="container-contributors-note"/>
        <text macro="container-title-note"/>
        <text macro="collection-title"/>
        <text macro="volume"/>
      </group>
      <text macro="issue-note"/>
      <text macro="locators-specific-note" prefix=", "/>
      <text macro="artwork" prefix=", "/>
      <text macro="locators-newspaper" prefix=", "/>
      <text macro="pages"/>
      <text macro="access-note"/>
    </layout>
  </bibliography>
</style>
