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  <info>
    <title>Newcastle University (author-date/Harvard)</title>
    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/harvard-newcastle-university</id>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/harvard-newcastle-university" rel="self"/>
    <link href="http://libguides.ncl.ac.uk/referencing" rel="documentation"/>
    <link href="https://libguides.ncl.ac.uk/ld.php?content_id=33783920" rel="documentation"/>
    <author>
      <name>McKenzie Lloyd-Smith</name>
      <uri>http://www.mendeley.com/profiles/mckenzie-lloyd-smith/</uri>
    </author>
    <contributor>
      <name>Patrick O'Brien</name>
    </contributor>
    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
    <summary>The Harvard author-date style - adapted for Newcastle University</summary>
    <updated>2026-01-05T14:58:08+00:00</updated>
    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
  </info>
  <macro name="editor">
    <names variable="editor" delimiter=", ">
      <name and="symbol" delimiter=", "/>
      <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="anon">
    <text term="anonymous" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" strip-periods="true"/>
  </macro>
  <macro name="author">
    <names variable="author">
      <name and="symbol" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with="." name-as-sort-order="all"/>
      <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=".)"/>
      <substitute>
        <names variable="editor"/>
        <text macro="anon"/>
      </substitute>
    </names>
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  <macro name="author-short">
    <names variable="author">
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      <substitute>
        <names variable="editor"/>
        <names variable="translator"/>
        <choose>
          <if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
            <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="title" form="short" quotes="true"/>
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        </choose>
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    </names>
  </macro>
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    <choose>
      <if type="webpage">
        <text term="online" prefix="[" suffix="]."/>
        <text value=" Available from: "/>
        <text variable="URL"/>
        <group prefix=" (" delimiter=" " suffix=")">
          <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
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            <date-part name="day" suffix=" "/>
            <date-part name="month" suffix=" "/>
            <date-part name="year"/>
          </date>
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      </if>
    </choose>
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    <choose>
      <if type="book webpage graphic" match="any">
        <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
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        <text variable="title" quotes="true"/>
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  <macro name="publisher">
    <text variable="publisher-place" suffix=": "/>
    <text variable="publisher" suffix="."/>
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  <macro name="year-date">
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      <if variable="issued">
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="year"/>
        </date>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text term="no date" form="short"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="edition">
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      <if is-numeric="edition">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
          <text term="edition" form="long" strip-periods="true"/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text variable="edition"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
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  <macro name="pages">
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <label variable="page" form="short"/>
      <text variable="page"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="online">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal article-magazine article article-newspaper book report review-book" match="none">
        <text value="[Online]"/>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="issued">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-newspaper paper-conference broadcast" match="any">
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="day" suffix=" "/>
          <date-part name="month"/>
        </date>
      </if>
    </choose>
    <choose>
      <if type="paper-conference" match="any">
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="year" prefix=" "/>
        </date>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="volume">
    <group>
      <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=". "/>
      <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
    </group>
    <group>
      <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric" prefix=", "/>
      <text term="volume" form="short" prefix=" " suffix="." plural="true"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <citation et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" collapse="year">
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      <group delimiter=", ">
        <text macro="author-short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        <text macro="year-date"/>
        <group>
          <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
          <text variable="locator"/>
        </group>
      </group>
    </layout>
  </citation>
  <bibliography hanging-indent="true" et-al-min="20" et-al-use-first="19">
    <sort>
      <key macro="author"/>
      <key variable="title"/>
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      <text macro="year-date" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
      <choose>
        <if type="thesis">
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            <text macro="title" font-style="italic"/>
            <text macro="edition"/>
            <text variable="genre" suffix=" thesis"/>
            <text macro="online"/>
            <text macro="publisher"/>
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        <else-if type="webpage">
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            <text macro="online"/>
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        </else-if>
        <else-if type="article-journal article-newspaper broadcast personal_communication thesis webpage" match="any">
          <group suffix=",">
            <text macro="title" prefix=" "/>
            <text macro="editor" prefix=" "/>
          </group>
          <choose>
            <if variable="author" match="any">
              <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" prefix=" " suffix=","/>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <text macro="online" prefix=" "/>
          <group prefix=" " suffix=".">
            <group>
              <text variable="volume"/>
              <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix="), "/>
              <text macro="issued"/>
            </group>
            <group>
              <text macro="pages"/>
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          </group>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="book graphic" match="any">
          <group prefix=" " delimiter=". " suffix=".">
            <text variable="note"/>
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              <text variable="collection-title"/>
              <text variable="collection-number"/>
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            <text macro="online"/>
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            <text term="in"/>
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            <text macro="issued"/>
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              <label variable="locator" suffix="." form="short" strip-periods="true"/>
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      <text prefix=" " macro="access" suffix="."/>
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