<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" delimiter-precedes-et-al="never" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with="." demote-non-dropping-particle="sort-only">
  <!-- This style was edited with the Visual CSL Editor (http://editor.citationstyles.org/visualEditor/) -->
  <info>
    <title>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</title>
    <title-short>FAO</title-short>
    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/food-and-agriculture-organization-of-the-united-nations</id>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/food-and-agriculture-organization-of-the-united-nations" rel="self"/>
    <link href="https://www.fao.org/3/cb8081en/cb8081en.pdf" rel="documentation"/>
    <author>
      <name>Bin Liu</name>
      <email>lieubean@gmail.com</email>
      <uri>https://www.linkedin.com/in/lieubean/</uri>
    </author>
    <contributor>
      <name>Julian Plummer</name>
      <email>julian.plummer@gmail.com</email>
      <uri>https://www.linkedin.com/in/julian-plummer/</uri>
    </contributor>
    <contributor>
      <name>Amy Knauff</name>
      <email/>
      <uri>https://www.linkedin.com/in/amy-knauff-92655442/</uri>
    </contributor>
    <contributor>
      <name>Stephanie Wright</name>
      <email/>
      <uri>https://www.linkedin.com/in/piriet/</uri>
    </contributor>
    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
    <category field="science"/>
    <category field="social_science"/>
    <summary>This style is created to meet the citation and bibliographical requirements of FAOSTYLE, and has been tested with Zotero and Mendeley. Last update: February 2024.</summary>
    <updated>2026-05-10T13:53:45+00:00</updated>
    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
  </info>
  <!-- Locale settings for English. Settings for other languages could be added later to this section. -->
  <locale xml:lang="en">
    <style-options punctuation-in-quote="false"/>
    <terms>
      <term name="no date">undated</term>
      <term name="presented at">Presentation at</term>
      <term name="by">Adopted</term>
      <term name="available at">Also available at</term>
    </terms>
    <date delimiter=" " form="text">
      <date-part name="day"/>
      <date-part name="month"/>
      <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
  </locale>
  <!-- Macros -->
  <macro name="anonymous">
    <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
  </macro>
  <macro name="editor">
    <!-- Outputs "XX ed. / XX & XX eds." -->
    <names variable="editor">
      <name and="symbol"/>
      <label form="short" strip-periods="true" prefix=", "/>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="author">
    <names variable="author">
      <name and="symbol" name-as-sort-order="all"/>
      <et-al font-style="italic"/>
      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
      <substitute>
        <names variable="editor"/>
        <names variable="translator"/>
        <text macro="anonymous"/>
      </substitute>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="author-short">
    <!-- Author in in-line citation: If the type is case, bill or statute, use italic title (or short title if it exists); for all other types, use author/editor/translator or anonymous (if blank). -->
    <choose>
      <if match="none" type="legal_case bill legislation treaty">
        <names variable="author">
          <name form="short" and="text"/>
          <et-al font-style="italic"/>
          <substitute>
            <names variable="editor"/>
            <names variable="translator"/>
            <text macro="anonymous"/>
          </substitute>
        </names>
      </if>
      <else-if match="none" variable="title-short">
        <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text variable="title-short" font-style="italic"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="date">
    <!-- date format: year / undated / put "forthcoming" or else in "Date" field when needed. -->
    <choose>
      <if match="none" variable="issued">
        <text term="no date"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title-and-genre">
    <!-- For book, song, audio recording, etc.: Outputs "Title (italic) [Medium/Genre]". -->
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
      <text variable="medium" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
      <text variable="genre" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="periodical">
    <!-- For journal and magazine: Outputs "Journal/Magazine title (italic), Vol(Issue): Page." Suffix is added because this can appear at the end of a reference. -->
    <group suffix=".">
      <text variable="container-title" form="long" font-style="italic"/>
      <text variable="volume" prefix=", "/>
      <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
      <text variable="page" prefix=": "/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="edition">
    <!-- Outputs edition info like "Second edition". -->
    <number text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition" form="long-ordinal"/>
    <text term="edition" prefix=" "/>
  </macro>
  <macro name="vol">
    <!-- Vol. xx -->
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      <text variable="volume"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="in-and-container">
    <!-- Outputs "In: XX ed. Container-title (italic)" if container-title exists. "XX ed. " will be omitted if there's no editor. -->
    <choose>
      <if variable="container-title">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=":"/>
          <text macro="editor" suffix="."/>
          <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="series-and-number">
    <!-- Outputs "Series-Title No. xxx" for various types.-->
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <text variable="collection-title"/>
      <text variable="collection-number"/>
      <!-- "Series Number" field for book section in Zotero. -->
      <text variable="number"/>
      <!-- "Report Number" field for report in Zotero. -->
      <!-- "No. " must be entered in "Series Number" and "Report Number" in Zotero. -->
      <!-- Mendeley doesn't offer a "Series Number / Report Number" field. "No. xxx" must be put in "Series" field. -->
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="publisher-and-place">
    <!-- Outputs "place, publisher." Suffix is added because this can appear at the end of a reference. -->
    <group delimiter=", " suffix=".">
      <text variable="publisher-place"/>
      <text variable="publisher"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="Cite-and-URL">
    <!-- Output "Cited day month year. URL" -->
    <group delimiter=" " prefix="[" suffix="]. ">
      <text term="cited" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
    </group>
    <text variable="URL"/>
  </macro>
  <macro name="DOI-or-URL">
    <!-- If DOI exists, outputs "https://doi.org/DOI". If DOI doesn't exist, then outputs URL. -->
    <choose>
      <if variable="DOI">
        <text variable="DOI" prefix="https://doi.org/"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text variable="URL"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="event-title">
    <choose>
      <!-- TODO: We expect "event-title" to be used,
           but processors and applications may not be updated yet.
           This macro ensures that either "event" or "event-title" can be accepted.
           Remove if procesor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
      <if variable="event-title">
        <text variable="event-title"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text variable="event"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="date-codes-legal">
    <!-- Output "dd Month yyyy. Number and source." for legal materials -->
    <date form="text" variable="issued" suffix=". "/>
    <group delimiter=", " suffix=".">
      <text variable="number"/>
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <text variable="volume"/>
        <text variable="container-title"/>
        <text variable="page"/>
      </group>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="type-sorting">
    <!-- separate law references from others, based on information from https://forums.zotero.org/discussion/16531/sort-bibliography-by-reference-type and https://libguides.graduateinstitute.ch/zotero/modifying-styles/sort-by-type -->
    <choose>
      <if type="legal_case bill legislation treaty" match="none">
        <text value="1"/>
        <text macro="author"/>
        <text macro="date"/>
        <text variable="citation-number"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="treaty">
        <text value="2"/>
        <text variable="title"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="bill">
        <text value="3"/>
        <text variable="title"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="legal_case">
        <text value="4"/>
        <text variable="title"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text value="5"/>
        <text macro="author"/>
        <text macro="date"/>
        <text variable="citation-number"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <!-- in-line citation: (author, date) -->
  <citation disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" collapse="year" et-al-min="4" et-al-use-first="1">
    <sort>
      <key macro="author"/>
      <key variable="issued"/>
      <key variable="citation-number"/>
      <!-- Per the style document, disambiguating letters are assigned according to the sequence of the citation in the text, so "citation-number" is added to <sort> to avoid situations like (author, 2000b, 2000a) --></sort>
    <layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
      <text macro="author-short" suffix=", "/>
      <text macro="date"/>
    </layout>
  </citation>
  <!-- bibliography -->
  <bibliography entry-spacing="0" hanging-indent="true" line-spacing="1" et-al-min="10" et-al-use-first="7">
    <sort>
      <key macro="type-sorting"/>
    </sort>
    <layout>
      <choose>
        <if type="legal_case bill legislation treaty" match="none">
          <!-- Every item type except legal ones (case, bill and statute) uses "Anonymous" as author if there's no author. -->
          <group delimiter=". ">
            <text macro="author" font-weight="bold"/>
            <text macro="date"/>
            <choose>
              <if type="book">
                <!-- book and computer program in Zotero; book in Mendeley. -->
                <text macro="title-and-genre"/>
                <!-- For Computer Program in Zotero, put "CD-ROM"/ "DVD-ROM" etc. in "System" field. -->
                <!-- For eBook in Mendeley, put "CD-ROM", "Kindle edition" etc. in "Genre" field. -->
                <!-- For eBook in Zotero, put "Medium: CD-ROM", "Genre: Kindle edition" etc. in "Extra" field. -->
                <text macro="edition"/>
                <text macro="editor"/>
                <text macro="vol"/>
                <text macro="series-and-number"/>
                <text macro="publisher-and-place"/>
                <text macro="DOI-or-URL"/>
              </if>
              <else-if type="chapter">
                <!-- book section -->
                <text variable="title"/>
                <text macro="in-and-container"/>
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <text macro="edition" suffix=","/>
                  <label variable="page" form="short"/>
                  <text variable="page"/>
                </group>
                <text macro="vol"/>
                <text macro="series-and-number"/>
                <text macro="publisher-and-place"/>
                <text macro="DOI-or-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="article-journal">
                <!-- journal article -->
                <text variable="title"/>
                <text macro="periodical"/>
                <text macro="DOI-or-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="article-magazine">
                <!-- magazine article -->
                <text variable="title"/>
                <text macro="periodical"/>
                <text macro="Cite-and-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="article-newspaper">
                <!-- newspaper article -->
                <text variable="title"/>
                <group delimiter=", " suffix=".">
                  <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
                  <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
                </group>
                <text macro="Cite-and-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="webpage post-weblog" match="any">
                <!-- web page and blog post -->
                <text variable="title"/>
                <text macro="in-and-container"/>
                <text variable="publisher-place"/>
                <!-- Put place in "Extra" field in Zotero, e.g. "Place: Rome". -->
                <text macro="Cite-and-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="thesis">
                <!-- thesis -->
                <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
                <text macro="publisher-and-place"/>
                <text variable="genre" suffix="."/>
                <!-- Suffix is added because this can appear at the end of a reference, i.e. when the thesis doesn't have DOI/URL. -->
                <text macro="DOI-or-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="song motion_picture" match="any">
                <!-- audio recording, film and video recording in Zotero; film and computer program in Mendeley -->
                <text macro="title-and-genre"/>
                <!-- Can put "audio recording", "video" etc. in "Format" field in Zotero. -->
                <!-- Can put "audio recording", "video" etc. in "Genre" field in Mendeley. -->
                <text macro="publisher-and-place"/>
                <text macro="Cite-and-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="manuscript report" match="any">
                <!-- manuscript and report -->
                <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
                <text variable="genre"/>
                <text macro="series-and-number"/>
                <text macro="publisher-and-place"/>
                <text macro="DOI-or-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="article">
                <!-- document, can be used for e.g. monograph -->
                <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
                <text variable="genre"/>
                <text macro="series-and-number"/>
                <text macro="publisher-and-place"/>
                <text macro="Cite-and-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="speech">
                <!-- presentation -->
                <text variable="title"/>
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <text term="presented at"/>
                  <text macro="event-title" suffix=","/>
                  <date form="text" variable="issued" suffix=","/>
                  <text macro="publisher-and-place"/>
                </group>
                <text macro="Cite-and-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="paper-conference">
                <!-- conference paper -->
                <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
                <text macro="in-and-container"/>
                <text variable="collection-title"/>
                <group delimiter=", " suffix=".">
                  <text macro="event-title"/>
                  <text variable="publisher-place"/>
                  <text variable="publisher"/>
                  <!-- Not using macro "publisher-and-place" here because event date needs to be appended and the suffix "." of the macro would appear. -->
                  <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
                </group>
                <text macro="DOI-or-URL"/>
              </else-if>
              <else-if type="dataset">
                <!-- Dataset -->
                <group>
                  <text variable="publisher" font-style="italic" suffix=": "/>
                  <!-- Publisher is mapped to Repository. Put the name of the database that contains the dataset being cited here. -->
                  <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
                  <!-- Put the name of the dataset in Title. -->
                </group>
                <group delimiter=" " prefix="[" suffix="]">
                  <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                  <text term="on"/>
                  <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
                </group>
                <text variable="URL"/>
                <text variable="license" suffix="."/>
              </else-if>
              <else>
                <!-- other item types -->
                <text variable="title"/>
                <text variable="genre"/>
                <text macro="publisher-and-place"/>
                <text macro="Cite-and-URL"/>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else-if type="legal_case">
          <!-- case -->
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="title" font-style="italic" suffix="."/>
            <text variable="authority" suffix=","/>
            <!-- "Court" field in Zotero -->
            <text macro="date-codes-legal"/>
            <text variable="note" suffix="."/>
            <!-- "Extra" field in Zotero. Can be used to put any additional information. -->
            <!-- text macro="DOI-or-URL"/> -->
          </group>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="bill treaty">
          <!-- legal instruments -->
          <choose>
            <if variable="title-short">
              <text variable="title" font-style="italic" suffix=" "/>
              <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic" prefix="(" suffix="). "/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <text variable="title" font-style="italic" suffix=". "/>
            </else>
          </choose>
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <!-- <text term="by" suffix=":"/> -->
            <text variable="authority" suffix=","/>
            <text variable="publisher-place" suffix=","/>
            <!-- Put "Place: xxxxx" in "Extra" field in Zotero -->
            <text macro="date-codes-legal"/>
            <group delimiter=": ">
              <text term="available at"/>
              <text macro="DOI-or-URL"/>
            </group>
          </group>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="legislation">
          <!-- Type "statute" in Zotero, used for legislation -->
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text macro="author" font-weight="bold" suffix="."/>
            <text variable="title" font-style="italic" suffix=","/>
            <text macro="date-codes-legal"/>
            <text variable="note" suffix="."/>
            <!-- "Extra" field in Zotero. Can be used to put any additional information. -->
            <group delimiter=": ">
              <text term="available at"/>
              <text macro="DOI-or-URL"/>
            </group>
          </group>
        </else-if>
      </choose>
    </layout>
  </bibliography>
</style>
