<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="sort-only" default-locale="en-US">
  <info>
    <title>Elementa</title>
    <title-short>Elementa</title-short>
    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/elementa</id>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/elementa" rel="self"/>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/cse-name-year" rel="template"/>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa" rel="template"/>
    <link href="https://home.elementascience.org/for-authors/style-guide/" rel="documentation"/>
    <link href="http://lynn-library.libguides.com/cse" rel="documentation"/>
    <link href="http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocCSE_CitationSystems.html" rel="documentation"/>
    <author>
      <name>Akos Kokai</name>
      <email>akokai@berkeley.edu</email>
    </author>
    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
    <category field="science"/>
    <eissn>2325-1026</eissn>
    <summary>Based on The Council of Science Editors style, Name-Year system: author-date in text, sorted in alphabetical order by author.</summary>
    <updated>2026-01-04T15:26:59+00:00</updated>
    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
  </info>
  <locale xml:lang="en">
    <terms>
      <term name="editortranslator" form="long">
        <single>editor and translator</single>
        <multiple>editors and translators</multiple>
      </term>
      <term name="collection-editor" form="long">
        <single>editor</single>
        <multiple>editors</multiple>
      </term>
      <term name="no date">n.d.</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <macro name="author">
    <names variable="author" delimiter="; ">
      <name name-as-sort-order="all" sort-separator=" " initialize-with="" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
      <label form="long" prefix=", " strip-periods="true"/>
      <substitute>
        <names variable="editor translator"/>
        <names variable="editor"/>
        <names variable="collection-editor"/>
        <names variable="translator"/>
        <choose>
          <if type="report">
            <text variable="publisher"/>
            <text macro="title"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text macro="title"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </substitute>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="author-short">
    <names variable="author">
      <name form="short" delimiter=", " initialize-with="" and="text"/>
      <substitute>
        <names variable="editor"/>
        <names variable="collection-editor"/>
        <names variable="translator"/>
        <choose>
          <if type="report">
            <text variable="publisher"/>
            <text macro="title"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text macro="title"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </substitute>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container-contributors">
    <names variable="editor translator" delimiter="; ">
      <name delimiter-precedes-last="always" initialize-with="" name-as-sort-order="all" sort-separator=" "/>
      <label prefix=", "/>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="year">
    <choose>
      <if variable="issued">
        <date variable="issued" delimiter=" ">
          <date-part name="year"/>
        </date>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text term="no date"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="year-date">
    <choose>
      <if variable="issued">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <date variable="issued" delimiter=" ">
            <date-part name="year"/>
          </date>
          <choose>
            <if type="patent article-newspaper webpage" match="any">
              <date variable="issued" delimiter=" ">
                <date-part name="month" form="short" strip-periods="true"/>
                <date-part name="day"/>
              </date>
            </if>
            <else-if type="article-journal article-magazine" match="any">
              <choose>
                <if variable="volume issue" match="none">
                  <date variable="issued" delimiter=" ">
                    <date-part name="month" form="short" strip-periods="true"/>
                    <date-part name="day"/>
                  </date>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </else-if>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text term="no date"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title">
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <choose>
        <if type="book">
          <text variable="title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
        </if>
        <else>
          <text variable="title"/>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <choose>
        <if type="thesis dataset speech interview broadcast" match="any">
          <text variable="genre" form="long" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
        </if>
      </choose>
      <choose>
        <!-- Book reviews -->
        <if variable="reviewed-author">
          <choose>
            <if variable="reviewed-title">
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <text variable="title"/>
                <group delimiter=", " prefix="[" suffix="]">
                  <text variable="reviewed-title" font-style="italic" prefix="Review of "/>
                  <names variable="reviewed-author" delimiter=", ">
                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
                    <name and="text" initialize-with="" delimiter=", "/>
                  </names>
                </group>
              </group>
            </if>
            <else>
              <!-- assume `title` is title of reviewed work -->
              <group delimiter=", " prefix="[" suffix="]">
                <text variable="title" font-style="italic" prefix="Review of "/>
                <names variable="reviewed-author" delimiter=", ">
                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
                  <name and="text" initialize-with="" delimiter=", "/>
                </names>
              </group>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container-title">
    <choose>
      <if type="chapter">
        <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="article-magazine article-newspaper" match="any">
        <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="article-journal">
        <text variable="container-title" form="short" font-style="italic" strip-periods="true"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text variable="container-title"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container">
    <group>
      <choose>
        <if type="chapter entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia" match="any">
          <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=": "/>
        </if>
      </choose>
      <choose>
        <if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="none">
          <group delimiter=". ">
            <text macro="container-contributors"/>
            <text macro="container-title"/>
          </group>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="edition">
    <choose>
      <if is-numeric="edition">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
          <label variable="edition" form="short"/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text variable="edition"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="pages">
    <choose>
      <if type="chapter entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia" match="any">
        <group delimiter="; ">
          <group>
            <label variable="page" form="short" suffix=" " plural="never"/>
            <text variable="page"/>
          </group>
          <group>
            <text variable="number-of-pages"/>
            <choose>
              <if is-numeric="number-of-pages">
                <label variable="number-of-pages" form="short" prefix=" " plural="never"/>
              </if>
            </choose>
          </group>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="journal-locators">
    <group suffix=".">
      <choose>
        <if variable="volume issue page" match="none">
          <choose>
            <if type="article-journal review review-book" match="any">
              <text term="in press" prefix=", "/>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </if>
        <else>
          <group>
            <text variable="volume" prefix=" " font-weight="bold"/>
            <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
            <text variable="page" prefix=": "/>
          </group>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="locators">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper review review-book" match="any">
        <text macro="journal-locators"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="paper-conference">
        <choose>
          <if variable="container-title">
            <text macro="journal-locators"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <date variable="issued" delimiter=" " suffix=".">
              <date-part name="year"/>
              <date-part name="month" form="short" strip-periods="true"/>
              <date-part name="day"/>
            </date>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="none">
        <text macro="edition" suffix="."/>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="legal-cites">
    <!-- Bluebook style; adapted from apa.csl -->
    <choose>
      <if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="any">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <choose>
            <if variable="container-title">
              <text variable="volume"/>
              <text variable="container-title"/>
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <!--change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
                <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
                <text variable="section"/>
              </group>
              <text variable="section"/>
              <text variable="page"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <choose>
                <if type="legal_case">
                  <text variable="number" prefix="No. "/>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <text variable="number" prefix="Pub. L. No. "/>
                  <group delimiter=" ">
                    <!--change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
                    <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
                    <text variable="section"/>
                  </group>
                  <text variable="section"/>
                </else>
              </choose>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="event">
    <choose>
      <if variable="event">
        <choose>
          <if variable="container-title" match="none">
            <!-- Don't give event info if part of a publication
               (e.g., conference proceedings) -->
            <choose>
              <if type="paper-conference" match="none">
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                  <text term="presented at" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                </group>
              </if>
            </choose>
            <group prefix=" " suffix="." delimiter="; ">
              <text variable="event"/>
              <text variable="event-place"/>
            </group>
          </if>
        </choose>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="publisher">
    <group delimiter=": ">
      <choose>
        <if type="thesis">
          <text variable="publisher-place" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
        </if>
        <else-if variable="event" match="none">
          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
        </else-if>
      </choose>
      <text variable="publisher"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="collection">
    <!-- This is to appear at the end of the citation:
         after publisher, before access. -->
    <choose>
      <if type="report">
        <group prefix=" " suffix="." delimiter=" ">
          <text variable="collection-title"/>
          <text variable="number" prefix="Report No.: "/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else-if type="book">
        <group prefix=" (" suffix=")." delimiter=" ">
          <names variable="collection-editor" suffix=". ">
            <name delimiter-precedes-last="always" initialize-with="" name-as-sort-order="all" sort-separator=" "/>
            <label prefix="; "/>
          </names>
          <group delimiter="; ">
            <text variable="collection-title"/>
            <choose>
              <if variable="collection-number">
                <group>
                  <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=". "/>
                  <text variable="collection-number"/>
                </group>
              </if>
              <else>
                <group>
                  <label variable="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=". "/>
                  <text variable="volume"/>
                </group>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </group>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <!-- Add other types that need collection info after publisher. -->
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="access">
    <choose>
      <if variable="DOI">
        <text variable="DOI" prefix="doi: "/>
      </if>
      <else-if variable="URL">
        <group suffix=". " delimiter=" ">
          <text term="available at" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          <text variable="URL"/>
        </group>
        <group suffix=". " delimiter=" ">
          <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          <date variable="accessed" delimiter=" ">
            <date-part name="year"/>
            <date-part name="month" form="short" strip-periods="true"/>
            <date-part name="day"/>
          </date>
        </group>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <citation et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true">
    <sort>
      <key macro="year-date"/>
      <key macro="author-short"/>
    </sort>
    <layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
      <group delimiter=", ">
        <text macro="author-short"/>
        <text macro="year"/>
      </group>
      <text variable="locator" prefix=": "/>
    </layout>
  </citation>
  <bibliography hanging-indent="true" et-al-min="11" et-al-use-first="10">
    <sort>
      <key macro="author"/>
      <key macro="year-date"/>
    </sort>
    <layout>
      <group delimiter=". " suffix=".">
        <text macro="author"/>
        <text macro="year-date"/>
        <text macro="title"/>
        <group delimiter="">
          <text macro="container"/>
          <text macro="locators"/>
        </group>
        <text macro="legal-cites"/>
        <text macro="event"/>
        <text macro="publisher"/>
        <text macro="pages"/>
        <text macro="collection"/>
      </group>
      <text prefix=" " macro="access"/>
    </layout>
  </bibliography>
</style>
